The Ottomans would be slow to mobilize, and even when the masses of troops raised in Asia were ready, they were able to go no further than the outskirts of Constantinople, fighting the Bulgarians in brutal trench warfare. His mother died at the age of 63 (Constantine was 40 years old). [citation needed]. In August 1916, a military coup broke out in Thessaloniki by Venizelist officers. Admiral Mark Kerr, who was Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Hellenic Navy in the early part of World War I and later Commander-in-Chief of the British Adriatic Squadron, supported the Allied cause, but was sympathetic to the King, personally. [11] Following an army revolt by Venizelist officers, considering him as key responsible for the defeat, Constantine abdicated the throne again on 27 September 1922 and was succeeded by his eldest son, George II.[11]. He had also served as the commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the Greco-Turkish War. King Constantine led the Greek Army in its counterattack in the battles of Kilkis-Lahanas and the Kresna Gorge. andreas constantine > About. His mother is Sophia of Prussia and his father is Constantine I of Greece. After an armed confrontation, the Allies evacuated the capital and recognized officially the government of Venizelos in Thessaloniki. He became a major general in 1890, and took over the 3rd Army Headquarters in Athens, thus kick-starting his official military career. In the popular culture, the slogan of the royalists "psomí, elia ke Kotso Vasiliá" ("bread, olives and Constantine King") still survives. When Venizelos fell out of power and Alexander died, Constantine I came back from his exile following a plebiscite. This was a grave error. Constantine I died from a brain hemorrhage in Palermo, Sicily, on January 11, 1923. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of King Paul's death his children, King Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anna-Maria, Queen Sofía of Spain and Princess Irene, and many other family members gathered in the Greek capital to hold a memorial service for their parents . Constantine I was the King of Greece for several years between 1913 and 1922. The Hellenic army was mobilized for defensive reasons, but Constantine claimed that the treaty had no value in case of a global war, but only of Balkan issues. After Eleftherios Venizelos became the prime minister of Greece in 1910, he had Crown Prince Constantine reinstated as Inspector-General of the Army, and later as the Commander-in-Chief. [4] At the Crown Prince's request, wealthy businessman George Averoff agreed to pay approximately one million drachmas[5] to fund the restoration of the Panathinaiko Stadium in white marble. Born on 2 August 1868 in Athens, Constantine was the eldest son of King George I and Queen Olga of Greece. Although injured in the escape, the king and his family managed to flee to safety. Following the defeat, he suffered a major setback as the popularity of monarchy fell and people wanted his dismissal. He had been the leader of an army that failed to unite Crete with Greece. Venizelos made a public call to the King to dismiss his "bad advisors", to join the war as King of all Greeks and stop being a politician. In their correspondence he told him that his sympathy was with Germany, but he wouldn't join the war. Be the first to add a certification; Sex & Nudity. The Greeks initially met with disorganized opposition. Severity? Constantine later conferred more than that; he eagerly assumed the presidency of the 1896 organizing committee. His remains were buried in the crypt of the Russian Church of Florence. But in 1967, three years after their … During this time he may have attended the lectures of Lactantius, a Christian scholar of Latin in the city. Constantine was accused also by his Venizelist opponents for secret discussions and correspondence with the Central Powers. "The Deposition of King Constantine of Greece, June 1917: An Episode in Anglo-French Diplomacy.". King Constantine - Royal Greek Family HM King Constantine, only son of King Paul I and Queen Frederica, was born on 2 June, 1940, at Villa Psychiko, Athens. Constantine served with distinction under emperors Diocletian and Galeriuscampaigning in the … When World War I broke out, a dispute appeared between the king and the government about the responsibility for the external policy of the state in case of war. He was later buried at the Royal Cemetery at Tatoi Palace. [14], "Constantine XII" redirects here. A hunting of Venizelists followed in Athens. Soon after his birth, the Royal Family left Athens and went to Crete where they were caught in the Nazi invasion. They accordingly allotted their resources, equally divided, in a defensive posture to fortify the approaches to Ioannina, capital of Epirus, and the mountain passes leading from Thessaly to Macedonia. In July 1916, arsonists set fire to the forest surrounding the summer palace at Tatoi. Although Constantine was dismissed from the armed forces, he was reinstated by the new Prime Minister Venizelos. In the meantime the Bulgarian army had started to disintegrate: beset by defeat in the hands of Greeks and Serbs, they were suddenly faced by a Turkish counterattack with fresh Asian troops finally ready, while the Romanians advanced south, demanding Southern Dobrudja. Although Venizelos, with Allied support, forced Constantine to leave the throne in 1917, he remained popular with parts of the Greek people (as shown by the vote for his return in the December 1920 plebiscite), who saw the Allied actions as a violation of sovereignty of Greece. Children. This caused popular anger,[7] especially in Greek Macedonia which now was facing the Bulgarian danger. Constantine did rebuff Kaiser Wilhelm who in 1914 pressed him to bring Greece into the war on the side of Austria and Germany. Rushing to save the poor animal, the king was bitten by the monkey and what seemed like a minor injury turned to sepsis. In the following elections Trikoupis was defeated, and the new Prime Minister, Theodoros Deligiannis, seeking to downplay hostility between government and the Palace, regarded the matter closed.[2]. Ottoman armies in Europe would be quickly cut off and their loss of morale and operational capability would lead them toward a quick surrender. The following month Venizelos suffered a surprising defeat in a general election. When Greece lost the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, Andrew and his family had to … He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece expanded to include Thessaloniki, doubling in area and population. It was a period of great political turmoil in Greece. In autumn 1915, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers and attacked Serbia, with which Greece had a treaty of alliance. Constantine's older sister Sofia is the former queen consort of Spain, while his younger sister, Princess Irene, has not married. Constantine has ranked on the list of those famous people who were born on August 2, 1868. March 18, 1913 - June 11, 1917 (4 years) (44-48) Preceded by George I of Greece. He had been the leader of an army that failed to unite Crete with Greece. The British then offered Cyprus to the Greek Kingdom to join the war, but Constantine rejected this offer as well. Prime Minister Charilaos Trikoupis asked the King to recommend that his son avoid such interventions in politics without prior consultation with the government. However, Constantine I regained his throne in 1920. King Paul of Greece was the King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. Once an armistice was declared, then facts on the ground would be the starting point of negotiations for the final drawing of the new borders in a forthcoming peace treaty. As Prime Minister and War Minister, he outranked Constantine and his response was famously three-words-long, a crisp military order to be obeyed forthwith: "I forbid you". Father. King Constantine I was born on 2 August 1868 -the eldest son of King George I and Queen Olga. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea (now Niš, Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Constantius, an Illyrian army officer who became one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy. In June 1916, Constantine, General Metaxas (the future dictator) and Prime Minister Skouloudis allowed Fort Rupel and parts of eastern Macedonia to be occupied, without opposition, by the Germans and Bulgarians, as a counter balance to the Allied forces in Thessaloniki. Sophia, Queen of Spain (b 1938) King Constantine II (1940) Irene (1942) Reign: April 1 1947 – March 6 1964 Died: March 6, 1964, in Athens Buried: Royal Cemetery at Tatoi Palace, Greece Constantine I of Greece is one of the successful Royalty. Constantine I (Latin: Flavius Valerius Constantinus; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, translit. Photograph: Keystone/Getty Images For the last Byzantine emperor, sometimes numbered this way, see, The generations are numbered from the implementation of hereditary monarchy by, Recipients of the Commander's Cross of the, Recipients are in alphabetical, not chronological, order, Olympics and confrontations with Trikoupis, Accession to the Throne and Second Balkan War. Furthermore, he supported that according to the treaty, Serbia should mobilize 150,000 soldiers against Bulgaria, something that it couldn't do at that time. In October 1912, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the "Army of Thessaly" during the First Balkan War. Venizelos agreed but Constantine rejected the proposal. 2 - King of Greece 3 - Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen 4 - Geo. [8] Royal rumors connected the incident with actions by French agents, especially De Roquefeuil, who was in Athens since 1915, but it was never proven. Constantine was left with no choice but to turn east, and after defeating the Ottoman army at Giannitsa, he accepted the surrender of the city of Thessaloniki and of its Ottoman garrison on 27 October (O.S. This major disagreement between Constantine I and Venizelos, known as “The National Schism,” was so impactful that it had consequences that were felt in Greek politics even beyond World War II. Succeeded by Alexander of Greece. The king in this fairy tale was Constantine II of Greece. Constantine I, (born Aug. 2, 1868, Athens, Greece—died Jan. 11, 1923, Palermo, Italy), king of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. 21 July] 1868 – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. [7], After the fall of monarchy in Russia, Constantine lost his last supporter inside the Entente opposed to his removal from the throne. King George I was assassinated an anarchist, Alexandros Schinas, on 18 March 1913. 'Royals', Constantine of Greece, the king who wore his own crown 'Royals', Constantine of Greece, the worrying decline of Queen Sofia's brother; The pandemic has ruined what was to be a big year for the Greek royal family. In the aftermath of the victorious Balkan Wars, Greece was in a state of euphoria. Following the assassination of his father, King George I of the Hellenes, he took over the throne of Greece for the first time. Royal Life Royal House Queen Anne King Queen Constantine Ii Of Greece Anne Maria Greek Royalty Greek Royal Family Royal Photography. King Constantine I of Greece , nicknamed 'Tino' by the British, visits men injured during the Greek war with Turkey, April 1921. The nephew of Greece's King Constantine I, the Prince of Greece and Denmark was born in 1921 on the dining room table of a villa on the Greek island of Corfu. As the ceremonial cannon on Lycabettus Hill fired the Royal salute, huge crowds gathered outside the Palace shouting what they thought should rightfully be the newborn prince's name: "Constantine". With operations in Macedonia complete, Constantine transferred the bulk of his forces to Epirus, and assumed command. Constantine claimed his military judgement was right, after the outcome of the Allies' failed operation of landing on Gallipoli. Constantine remained an idol for his supporters (much like Venizelos for his own supporters), and generally for the conservative Right, for years after his death. The pro-royalist parties had promised peace and prosperity under the victorious Field Marshal of the Balkan Wars, he who knew of the soldier's plight because he had fought next to him and shared his ration. His father was the eldest son and heir apparent of King George I of Greece by his wife Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia; his mother was the daughter of Emperor Frederick III of Germany and his wife Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom. After Constantine impudently cabled: "The army will not march on Thessaloniki. However, nowadays the legacy of Venizelos is more appreciated. He was born on June 2, 1940, at Villa Psychiko, in the suburbs of Athens, Greece. Constantine's body was buried at the royal burial ground at Tatoi Palace, where he still rests today. In its aftermath, the popularity of the monarchy fell, and calls were raised in the army for reforms and the dismissal of the royal princes, and especially Constantine, from their command posts in the armed forces. He acceded as king following the death of his father King Paul in March 1964. On the day of his baptism, his father issued a Royal Decree granting him the additional title of Duke of Sparta;[13] however, this title was used only outside of Greece. His Parents. Deposed Grecian Monarch Succumbs to Heart Failure in Hotel in Sicily", Royal Decree of 22 August/3 September 1868, published in ΦΕΚ 44/1868, "Order of the Dannebrog (Dannebrogordenen). This was both the name of his maternal grandfather, Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov of Russia, and the name of the "King who would reconquer Constantinople", the future "Constantine XII, legitimate successor to the Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos", according to popular legend. The dissent eventually led to the Goudi coup in August 1909. [Abbott, G.F. (1922) 'Greece and the Allies 1914–1922']. Constantine I (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; 2 August [O.S. Early in 1917, the Venizelist Government of National Defence (based in Thessaloniki) took control of Thessaly. [citation needed]. After his restoration on the Greek throne, George II organized the repatriation of the remains of members of his family who died in exile. Although he was in power, the Allied forces taking over Thessaloníki and Venizelos’ formation of a separate pro-Allied government led to his abdication. He was the eldest son of King George I and Queen Olga. When Constantine born she was 23 years old. What was left unsaid was that the royal princes' commands were to be on a very tight leash. Constantine I of Greece also has a position among the list of … Coubertin assured that "the King and the Crown Prince will confer their patronage on the holding of these Games." It was also a name of great significance for the Greeks and those patriots who had espoused the Great Idea (the Megali Idea) of a united Greek people led from Constantinople. In the meantime, tensions between the Balkan allies grew, as Bulgaria claimed Greek and Serbian-occupied territory. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Newspaper clippings about Constantine I of Greece, President of the Organizing Committee for Summer Olympic Games, Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence, Greek legislative election, December 1915, Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918), Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Population exchange between Greece and Turkey, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constantine_I_of_Greece&oldid=1012545162, Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897), Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars, Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games, Commander's Crosses of the Cross of Valour (Greece), Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog, Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from December 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise, Dutton, David. The Turks would be hard placed to recruit locals, as their loyalties would be liable to lie with the Balkan Allies. Constantine also studied political science and business in Heidelberg and Leipzig. They had six children. Denmark", "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt, Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-3K-2-123-167-Recipients_of_the_Bulgarian_Order_of_Saint_Alexander,_1912-1935.JPG, The Great War - King Constantine I of Greece, 1914-1918-online. The leadership of the Allied armies in Thessaloniki was worried also about a possible attack by the army of Constantine in their back. 21 July] 1868 – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. He wrote in 1920: "The persecution of King Constantine by the press of the Allied countries, with some few good exceptions, has been one of the most tragic affairs since the Dreyfus case." The overextended and ill-supplied Greek Army was routed and driven from Anatolia back to the coast in August 1922. Constantine was born at Psychiko, a suburb in northern Athens, the nephew of King George II and the second child and only son of the king's brother and heir-presumptive, Crown Prince Paul. Parents: King Constantine I and Princess Sophia of Prussia Married: January 8, 1938, in Athens, to Princess Frederica of Hanover. Their eldest daughter Helen married Crown Prince Carol of Romania; their second daughter married the 4th Duke of Aosta; whilst their youngest child, Princess Katherine, married a British commoner. All three of their sons ascended the Greek throne. As the ceremonial cannon on Lycabettus Hill fired the royal salute, huge crowds gathered outside the Palace shouting what they thought should rightfully be the newborn prince's name: "Constantine". Constantine I, as the Crown Prince of Greece, married Princess Sophia of Prussia on 27 October 1889 in Athens. Constantine I (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; 2 August [O.S. Taken for the family's Christmas card. Constantine I was forced to abdicate the throne again on 27 September 1922. Despite the popularity of Venizelos and his clear majority in Parliament for supporting the Allies, Constantine opposed Venizelos. Both Venizelos and Constantine were keenly aware that a maritime country like Greece could not, and should not, antagonise the Entente, the dominant naval powers in the Mediterranean. About. In the face of Venizelist and Anglo-French pressure, King Constantine finally left the country for Switzerland on 11 June 1917; his second-born son Alexander became king in his place. On 30 October 1882 he enrolled in the Hellenic Military Academy. Constantine I (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; 2 August [O.S. He led the Army of Thessaly to victory at Sarantaporos. Constantine then offended also the British and French by blocking popular efforts by Prime Minister Venizelos to bring Greece into the war on the side of the Allies. Sydney Harbour, Australia. Growing up as a latchkey child I had a lot of spare time for adventure. I was born in Sydney, Australia—both my parents were Greek immigrants, arriving on the ship Patris. He had also served as the commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the Greco-Turkish War. The capture of Thessaloniki against Constantine's whim proved a crucial achievement: the pacts of the Balkan League had provided that in the forthcoming war against the Ottoman Empire, the four Balkan allies would provisionally hold any ground they took from the Turks, without contest from the other allies. Constantine I, King of Greece. Young men had been fighting and dying for years, lands lay fallow for lack of hands to cultivate them, and the country, morally exhausted, was at the brink of economic and political unravelling. P'ce) 5 - Waldemar of Prussia LCCN2014700966.jpg 5,779 × 4,204; 2.41 MB Constantine I and Bernhard III.jpg 5,188 × 3,780; 2.93 MB The Allied Powers were opposed to Constantine's first born son George becoming king, as he had served in the German army before the war and like his father was thought to be a Germanophile.[9]. After days of tension, finally they met resistance by paramilitary (Epistratoi) and pro-royalist forces (during the Noemvriana events), that were commanded by officers Metaxas snd Dousmanis. His teenage bride was Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark. King Paul of Greece was the King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. His father was a King of Greece. Be the first to evaluate this category. He was the son of George I, King of the Hellenes (1845-1913), and Olga, Queen, consort of George I, King of the Hellenes (1851-1926), from the Russian house of Romanov. Constantine I of Greece is best known as a Royalty. Their first son, the future King George II, was born at Tatoi, the family home near Athens, on 19 July 1890 (Queen Victoria of Great Britain was one of his Godparents). He was born into the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg as the third son of King Constantine I of Greece. His mother is Frederica of Hanover and his father is Paul of Greece. Kōnstantînos; 27 February c. 272 – 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from 306 to 337. However, an ill-conceived plan to capture Kemal's new capital of Ankara, located deep in barren Anatolia, where there was no significant Greek population, succeeded only in its initial stages. Renouncing his titular right with its important harbor sister, Princess Irene, not! 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